Macular Degeneration and Supplements

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss among people age 50 and older. It causes damage to the macula, a small spot near the center of the retina and the part of the eye needed for sharp, central vision. AMD does not lead to complete blindness, but the loss of central vision can interfere with everyday activities such as driving, reading, writing, and cooking.

There are two types of AMD: dry and wet. The dry form is more common and less severe, while the wet form can lead to more serious vision loss. While there is no cure for AMD, there are treatment options that can prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease. One such treatment option is the use of nutritional supplements.

What Are AREDS and AREDS2?

The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS and AREDS2) are major clinical trials sponsored by the National Eye Institute.

These studies were designed to:

• Investigate the natural history and risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.
• Evaluate the effect of vitamins and minerals on the progression of these eye diseases.

AREDS Findings:

The original AREDS study provided groundbreaking insights.

A specific combination of vitamins and minerals could slow the progression of intermediate to advanced AMD by approximately 25%.

This formulation included:

• Vitamin C
• Vitamin E
• Beta-carotene
• Zinc
• Copper

These supplements did not prevent the onset of AMD but were effective in slowing its progression.

AREDS2 Refinements:

Building upon AREDS, the AREDS2 study aimed to refine the formula.

• Beta-carotene was replaced with lutein and zeaxanthin.
• Why? Lutein and zeaxanthin are safer and more effective in supporting eye health.
• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements were also tested but did not show significant effects on cataracts or AMD.

Practical Implications:

• For individuals with intermediate or advanced AMD, taking AREDS or AREDS2 supplements daily can help preserve central vision.
• These supplements do not prevent AMD onset but can significantly slow its progression.
• It’s essential to consult with an eye care professional before starting any supplementation regimen.

The current recommended formula for macular degeneration supplements, based on the AREDS2 study, includes:

• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 500 mg
• Vitamin E 400 international units (IU)
• Lutein 10 mg
• Zeaxanthin 2 mg
• Zinc (as zinc oxide) 80 mg
• Copper (as cupric oxide) 2 mg

These supplements are suggested for individuals with intermediate AMD in one or both eyes, or those with late AMD in one eye only. They are not recommended for people with early AMD, nor are they a cure for AMD. Instead, they may help to slow the progression of the disease in some people.

It’s important to note that not all products marketed for eye health contain the correct formula. Consumers should verify that the label states “AREDS2 formula” and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. This is because supplements can interact with other medications and may not be appropriate for everyone.

In addition to the AREDS2 supplements, a healthy diet rich in certain nutrients can also support eye health. Foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as kale, spinach, and other dark green leafy vegetables, are particularly beneficial. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish like salmon and sardines, are also important, although the evidence for Omega-3 supplements is not as strong as for consuming fish itself.

While supplements can play a role in managing AMD, they are just one part of a comprehensive approach to eye health. Other important factors include regular eye exams, protection from ultraviolet light, not smoking, and managing other health conditions like hypertension and cholesterol.

In conclusion, macular degeneration supplements based on the AREDS2 formula may offer a way to slow the progression of AMD for those at high risk. However, they should be used under medical supervision and in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle and regular eye care. As with any medical treatment, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best approach for individual needs and circumstances. Remember, supplements are not a substitute for a balanced diet and healthy living, but they may provide additional support for those facing the challenges of AMD.

Here’s a list of articles and their descriptions regarding nutritional supplements for AMD:

1. American Academy of Ophthalmology
   • Title: Vitamins for AMD
   • Description: Discusses the daily intake of specific vitamins and minerals that may help lower the risk of developing late-stage or wet AMD.
2. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
   • Title: NIH study confirms benefit of supplements for slowing age-related macular degeneration
   • Description: Highlights the findings from the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS and AREDS2) that dietary supplements can slow the progression of AMD.
3. Macular Disease Foundation Australia
   • Title: Supplements for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
   • Description: Provides information on how people diagnosed with AMD may benefit from AREDS2 supplements or general dietary supplements.
4. RNIB
   • Title: Antioxidant vitamins for age-related macular degeneration
   • Description: Explains that the nutritional supplements for AMD contain antioxidants which are believed to be beneficial in managing the condition.
5. BrightFocus
   • Title: The Right Vitamins for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
   • Description: Advises on supplementing the diet with foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin for those at risk of developing macular degeneration.